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Scholars have variously defined intimacy. Critical intimacy studies provides an important framework for the growing sociocultural phenomenon of digital intimacy, which research has shown (Penley & Ross, 1991 OвЂ™Riordan & Phillips, 2007 Paasonen, 2011 Hasinoff, 2015 Philips, 2016 Baym, 2018 Attwood, 2017) drives transformative change in how people develop and express intimate relationships using technology. This paper mobilizes the emerging fields of both digital intimacies and platform studies. As Rambukkana ( 2015b) has argued, the critical conjunction of вЂњdigital intimaciesвЂќ connects these complementary fields. Similarly, while critical intimacy studies addresses the impact of media on the intimate public sphere broadly (Berlant, 1997), critical intimacy studies explorations of digital platforms remain rare (Miguel, 2018). While digital culture studies frequently explores the interconnections, interactivity, and proximities that such technologies afford (Rheingold, 1993 Odzer, 1997 OвЂ™Riordan & Phillips, 2007 Baym, 2010 Paasonen, 2011), only rarely has this work been considered in relation to the study of вЂњintimaciesвЂќ specifically (McGlotten, 2007 Rambukkana, 2015a, 2015b Rambukkana & Gautier, 2017 Attwood, 2017).

As a framing, вЂњdigital intimaciesвЂќ connects two often disparate fields of research. In drawing these fields of thought together, we are able to recognize the myriad ways in which contemporary intimacy is and will be shaped by the development of haptic technologies, and discern some of the unique ethical consent concerns that arise with the emergence, development, and futures of digital touch.Дigital intimacy studies unpacks the varied ways humans are intimate in our digitalized world, often-and increasingly-via platforms.

The following paper takes a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on literature from digital intimacy studies (Andreassen et al., 2017 Dobson et al., 2018 Miguel, 2018 Rambukkana, 2015a, 2015b), phenomenology and post-phenomenology (Al-Saji, 2010 Liberati, 2017 MacLaren, 2014), and ethics of technology (van de Poel, 2013 van Wynsberghe & Robbins, 2014 Nissenbaum, 2001). As interpersonal touch enters the digital realm to augment other modes of online communication there are new ethical considerations, and in this paper we specifically consider the role of physical and digital consent in the use of new haptic technologies. With the rise of one-person households (Semega et al., 2019 Snell, 2017 Yeung & Cheung, 2015), increased rates of loneliness that some label an вЂњepidemicвЂќ (Gerst-Emerson & Jayawardhana, 2015 Leigh-Hunt et al., 2017 Luo et al., 2012), and most recently the isolation introduced by COVID-19, the market for digital touch may be growing. Until recently, it would seem absurd to say you could physically touch someone in another room or country emerging haptic technologies, however, make this possible-albeit in a new way. Touch is an important mode of communication for humans we have the ability to offer support, love, disdain, or discomfort through small but meaningful contact. Lastly, we raise concerns about how consent of data collection and physical consent between users will be determined, draw on examples in virtual reality and sex-robotics, and ultimately arguing for further interdisciplinary research into this area. We then discuss the ambiguity of skin-to-skin touch and how it is further complicated in digital touch by remediation through platforms, companies, developers, manufacturers, cloud storage sites, the collection and use of data, research, satellites, and the internet. The paper describes several technologies, including Kiiroo teledildonics, the Kissenger, the Apple Watch, and Hey Bracelet, highlighting how the sense of touch is used in marketing to evoke a feeling of connection within the digital sphere. Drawing together platform studies, digital intimacy studies, phenomenology of touch, and ethics of technology, we argue that these new haptic communication devices require specific ethical consideration of consent. The last decade has seen rise in technologies that allow humans to send and receive intimate touch across long distances.

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